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托福阅读怎么算分,托福阅读经典加试解析之苏美尔文明

发布时间:2023-08-13 11:10:42编辑:温柔的背包来源:

托福阅读怎么算分,托福阅读经典加试解析之苏美尔文明

很多朋友对托福阅读怎么算分,托福阅读经典加试解析之苏美尔文明不是很了解,每日小编刚好整理了这方面的知识,今天就来带大家一探究竟。

托福阅读名著加试题第四部分苏美尔文明

美索不达米亚背景:美索不达米亚西南亚底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个古代王国,古美索不达米亚底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区,位于今天的伊拉克。人们可能在公元前5000年前就在这里定居了。这一地区孕育了许多早期人类文明,包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。

1258年蒙古侵略者破坏了这一地区发达的灌溉系统后,这一地区的重要性降低了。其中,巴比伦文明因其卓越的成就成为两河流域的文明典范,与巴比伦王国、古埃及、古印度、中国构成了人们所说的世界四大文明古国。

尼罗河文明:起源于非洲的尼罗河流域,又称古埃及文明,其历史也可以追溯到公元前4000年。公元前3100年左右,上埃及国王美尼斯统一了上下埃及,开始了埃及王朝时期,代表了古埃及文明的正式开始。美索不达米亚文化的苏美尔文明

第一段:美国文化和埃及文化是同时的,但是因为美的地域限制,没有统一起来。平原,常被侵略,四周沙漠,生活优裕,不统一。一开始,令人惊讶的是.两种文化同时在两个地方产生,并且相互交流。一个是尼罗河的埃及文化,一个是两河流域的M地文化。埃及文化依托尼罗河,孕育了肥沃的土地,两岸有沙漠作为天然屏障。

m就不一样了,河滩地窄而浅,周围没有天然屏障保护。

第二段:直到有一种S人来统一,讲了自己的起源和历史,建立了一种S文化。

第三段:S文化实物遗存少,原因有二:一是当地石头不丰富,二是当地人没有重葬的习惯。所以对S的理解主要是以文字为主。当初美索不达米亚的居民似乎过得还不错,所以直到很久以后也没有人提出统一的想法,但是很快就因为战争等等大量的开支而被摧毁了。

因为当时的环境条件,那里的人都是用泥土/木头建造房屋,所以和埃及不一样。现在我们还没有发现任何遗留的建筑。目前,我们已经挖出了许多刻有文字的陶器石碑,只有通过这些才能推断历史。后来变成了苏美尔人,一个从外面迁移过来的民族。

第四段:宗教在S文化中更重要,每个城市都有一个土地神,他拥有一切极其神圣的东西,在同胞中代表城市。(话题)社会经济市场以寺庙为中心,交易由祭司组织,所以很多祭司记录都与此有关。

美索不达米亚文化,一种文明,也与埃及相提并论。关于两河文明和埃及文明的。它们同时存在和交流,但没有一方超越另一方。埃及的制度不同于两河流域的政治制度。一个是在united under体系下,一个是由于地域限制,不在united format体系下。

此外,其他两河流域的文明几乎没有留下什么有形的物质,因为它们的建筑结构与埃及不同,对它们的特征的研究也是通过挖掘碎片来研究的。他还谈到了两江的土豪(封建地主)。这个人不是虚构的。他对他的城邦有很大的影响。这篇文章谈的是经济方面。同时,他通过一个叫任军的人传递信息。

谈美索不达米亚文化及与埃及的文化比较。因为两者都是两河流域同时发展起来的文化(测试:美索不达米亚文化是独立于独立埃及的),然后说出美索不达米亚文化的特点:建筑不如埃及坚固,文化没有文字记载。好像有一道考题:Ur的位置。)

The answers are highlighted below the TOEFL reading classics: 1. The word"amazing"in the article is different from"important","unknown","amazing"and"interesting". Which of the following sentences best expresses the basic information of the highlighted sentences in the article? An incorrect choice changes the meaning in an important way, or omits important information. A great civilization appeared in Mesopotamia, the"land between the two rivers"under the rule of Pharaoh.

(b) Egypt and another great civilization both developed in Mesopotamia between 3500 and 3000 BC. When Egypt was unified under the rule of Pharaoh, a great civilization rose there. The phrase"its essence"refers to (a) the political history of ancient Mesopotamia (b) the sacred kingship (c) Egypt.

(d) Sudden collapse of military forces. The word"obscure"in the article is closest to (a) unclear (b) unique (c) controversial (d) important meaning. The author mentioned and did not share the Egyptian concern about the afterlife, for the author mentioned and did not share the Egyptian concern about the future.

(A) To provide one explanation for the relatively few physical remains of ancient Sumerian society. 为相对少的关于古代苏美尔社会物理遗迹提供一个解释

(B) To explain why ancient Sumerian built with mud brick and wood rather than with stone.

(C) To help account for the fact that tombs and vaulted chambers have been found only at Ur.

(D) To counter the claim that all ancient societies paid great attention to the afterlife.

6.According to the passage, it can be inferred that the City of Ur is located in Ur 城(乌尔城)位于

(A) Egypt (B) Persia (C) northern Mesopotamia

(D) near the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates 底格里斯河和幼发拉底河的交汇处

7.The word vast in the passage is closest in meaning to

(A) random (B) very large (C) surprising (D) relatively small

8.According to paragraph 2 and 3, the physical characteristics of Mesopotamia affected Sumerian civilization in all of the following ways EXCEPT: 根据2、3、段美索不达米亚影响苏美尔文明,除了哪方面(A) Foreign invasions were made easy.

(B) Creating and maintaining political stability was made difficult.

(C) Continuity of cultural and artistic traditions could not be achieved.

文化和艺术传统的一致性得不到

(D) Sumerian architecture could not produce long-lasting structures

9.Look at the four [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Click on a square [] to add the sentence to the passage.

Despite these achievements, scholars know much less about Sumerian life than they would like. 尽管这些成就,学者们对于苏美尔人的生活知道的更少,比起他们爱好什么而言

Where would the sentence best fit? 选第四方块

10.According to paragraph 4, what evidence is used to support the claim that the idea of divine ownership was not “a mere pious fiction”? 对于神的所有权并不仅仅“是虔诚的虚构”这一论点支持的证据是

(A) The idea of divine ownership originated with the kings of Sumerian city-state.

(B) The idea of divine ownership was the reason why a large part of the harvest was offered to the god.

(C) The idea of divine ownership eventually came to replace “theocratic socialism”.

(D) The idea of divine ownership served as the basis for the economic organization of Sumerian society. 神的所有权服务于苏美尔社会的经济组织形式的基础

11.The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning to

(A) substantial (B) fixed (C) valuable (D) limited.

12,In the above passage, all of the following were true of the local god EXCEPT 哪项不是关于当地的神的事实

(A) The local god owned everything and everyone in the city-state.

(B) The local god represented the subjects of the city-state to other gods.

(C) The local god communicated with the people of the city-state through a human ruler.

(D) The local god sometimes fought against the local gods of rival city-states 当地的神有时候同竞争的城邦的神作战

13,fill in a table问题

Ancient Egyptian Civilization

(1)政治统一了很久时间(2)有相当多建筑物遗址

Sumerian Civilization

(1)城邦city-state国家是一个特色(2)从文件中所记载(3)这一个文明受到外部侵略

以上知识分享希望能够帮助到大家!